André Sapir, Philippe Aghion, Giuseppe Bertola, Martin Hellwig, Jean Pisani-Ferry, Dariusz Rosati, José Viñals, Helen Wallace, Marco Buti, Mario Nava, and Peter M. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199271481
- eISBN:
- 9780191602573
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199271488.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
This book presents the report on the European economic system, which was submitted to the President of the European Commission in July 2003. The report is divided into three parts. The first contains ...
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This book presents the report on the European economic system, which was submitted to the President of the European Commission in July 2003. The report is divided into three parts. The first contains an assessment of the economic performance in terms of growth, stability, and cohesion. The second explores the challenges facing the European Union. The third presents a series of policy recommendations for the future.Less
This book presents the report on the European economic system, which was submitted to the President of the European Commission in July 2003. The report is divided into three parts. The first contains an assessment of the economic performance in terms of growth, stability, and cohesion. The second explores the challenges facing the European Union. The third presents a series of policy recommendations for the future.
Andrea Prencipe, Andrew Davies, and Michael Hobday (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199263226
- eISBN:
- 9780191718847
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199263221.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
In the past decade or so, systems integration has become a key factor in the operations, strategy, and competitive advantage of major corporations in a wide variety of sectors (e.g. computing, ...
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In the past decade or so, systems integration has become a key factor in the operations, strategy, and competitive advantage of major corporations in a wide variety of sectors (e.g. computing, automotive, telecommunications, military systems, and aerospace). In the past, systems integration was confined to a technical, operations task. Today, systems integration is a strategic task that pervades business management not only at the technical level but also at the management and strategic levels. This book shows how and why this new kind of systems integration has evolved into an emerging model of industrial organisation whereby firms and groups of firms join together different types of knowledge, skill, and activity, as well as hardware, software, and human resources to produce new products. The business of systems integration has fundamental implications for the capabilities of firms. Firms have made a transition from being vertically integrated to being the integrator of somebody else's activities. This book, the first to systematically explore the re‐invention of systems integration from a business and innovation perspective, is based on contributions from leading international scholars. It delves deeply into the nature, dimensions, and dynamics of the new systems integration, deploying research and analytical techniques from a wide variety of disciplines including, the theory of the firm, the history of technology, industrial organisation, regional studies, strategic management, and innovation studies.Less
In the past decade or so, systems integration has become a key factor in the operations, strategy, and competitive advantage of major corporations in a wide variety of sectors (e.g. computing, automotive, telecommunications, military systems, and aerospace). In the past, systems integration was confined to a technical, operations task. Today, systems integration is a strategic task that pervades business management not only at the technical level but also at the management and strategic levels. This book shows how and why this new kind of systems integration has evolved into an emerging model of industrial organisation whereby firms and groups of firms join together different types of knowledge, skill, and activity, as well as hardware, software, and human resources to produce new products. The business of systems integration has fundamental implications for the capabilities of firms. Firms have made a transition from being vertically integrated to being the integrator of somebody else's activities. This book, the first to systematically explore the re‐invention of systems integration from a business and innovation perspective, is based on contributions from leading international scholars. It delves deeply into the nature, dimensions, and dynamics of the new systems integration, deploying research and analytical techniques from a wide variety of disciplines including, the theory of the firm, the history of technology, industrial organisation, regional studies, strategic management, and innovation studies.
Nicholas Morris and David Vines (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198712220
- eISBN:
- 9780191780752
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198712220.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics, Economic Systems
Trustworthiness in the financial services industry was eroded by deregulation and the changes to industry structure and remuneration which followed. Deregulation was based on a belief that the ...
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Trustworthiness in the financial services industry was eroded by deregulation and the changes to industry structure and remuneration which followed. Deregulation was based on a belief that the self-interest of individuals would produce good outcomes (Adam Smith’s ‘invisible hand’) and economists’ belief in efficient markets took this idea further by assuming that all individuals are selfish and have no regard for the interests of other people. However although Smith accepted that individuals may be self-interested, he also believed that they have other-regarding motivations, including a desire for the approbation of others. This book argues that the trust-intensive nature of financial services makes it essential to cultivate such motivations, and provides proposals for how this might be done. The book suggests reforms of governance, and of legal and regulatory arrangements, to address these issues by seeking to change the ethical culture to one that reinforces ‘other-regarding’ behaviour. Such proposals would encourage firms and individuals in the financial services to act in a more trustworthy manner by focusing on four key requirements: the appropriate definition of obligations, the identification of corresponding responsibilities, the creation of mechanisms which encourage trustworthiness, and the holding to account of those involved in an appropriate manner. Financial reforms at present lack sufficient focus on these requirements. The book explores how these requirements can be better met in specific parts of the financial services industry so as to bring about better outcomes.Less
Trustworthiness in the financial services industry was eroded by deregulation and the changes to industry structure and remuneration which followed. Deregulation was based on a belief that the self-interest of individuals would produce good outcomes (Adam Smith’s ‘invisible hand’) and economists’ belief in efficient markets took this idea further by assuming that all individuals are selfish and have no regard for the interests of other people. However although Smith accepted that individuals may be self-interested, he also believed that they have other-regarding motivations, including a desire for the approbation of others. This book argues that the trust-intensive nature of financial services makes it essential to cultivate such motivations, and provides proposals for how this might be done. The book suggests reforms of governance, and of legal and regulatory arrangements, to address these issues by seeking to change the ethical culture to one that reinforces ‘other-regarding’ behaviour. Such proposals would encourage firms and individuals in the financial services to act in a more trustworthy manner by focusing on four key requirements: the appropriate definition of obligations, the identification of corresponding responsibilities, the creation of mechanisms which encourage trustworthiness, and the holding to account of those involved in an appropriate manner. Financial reforms at present lack sufficient focus on these requirements. The book explores how these requirements can be better met in specific parts of the financial services industry so as to bring about better outcomes.
Andrew Glyn
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199226795
- eISBN:
- 9780191710544
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226795.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
After a turbulent century of unprecedented social and technological change, capitalism has emerged as the dominant ideology and model for economic growth in the richest, most developed countries. But ...
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After a turbulent century of unprecedented social and technological change, capitalism has emerged as the dominant ideology and model for economic growth in the richest, most developed countries. But only thirty years ago economic growth was faltering, inflation rising, and the Left were arguing for greater state intervention in industry. How did this transformation happen? And what price have we paid in the process? This book provides a history of the problems facing the economies of Europe, Japan, and the US during the latter half of the 20th century, and questions whether capitalism has really brought the levels of economic growth and prosperity that were hoped for. The book then looks at the impact the rapidly developing economies of China and the South are likely to have on the older economies of the North. As the race is on to maintain growth and protect competitive advantage, the book asks: is the ‘race-to-the bottom’ inevitable, with welfare states being dismantled to meet competitive demands? Or is there an alternative model that sees a strong commitment to welfare provision as essential to economic growth? Can we afford not to tackle inequality at home as well as abroad?Less
After a turbulent century of unprecedented social and technological change, capitalism has emerged as the dominant ideology and model for economic growth in the richest, most developed countries. But only thirty years ago economic growth was faltering, inflation rising, and the Left were arguing for greater state intervention in industry. How did this transformation happen? And what price have we paid in the process? This book provides a history of the problems facing the economies of Europe, Japan, and the US during the latter half of the 20th century, and questions whether capitalism has really brought the levels of economic growth and prosperity that were hoped for. The book then looks at the impact the rapidly developing economies of China and the South are likely to have on the older economies of the North. As the race is on to maintain growth and protect competitive advantage, the book asks: is the ‘race-to-the bottom’ inevitable, with welfare states being dismantled to meet competitive demands? Or is there an alternative model that sees a strong commitment to welfare provision as essential to economic growth? Can we afford not to tackle inequality at home as well as abroad?
Bruno Amable
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199261130
- eISBN:
- 9780191602474
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019926113X.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
Capitalist economies have developed with a fair amount of diversity among themselves, which should have resulted in dramatic differences in levels of development. The fact that these differences are ...
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Capitalist economies have developed with a fair amount of diversity among themselves, which should have resulted in dramatic differences in levels of development. The fact that these differences are for the most part not noticeable may indicate that capitalism is based on such robust mechanisms that it accommodates varied institutional environments. In other words, institutional differences would be akin to national folklore, with few if any consequences for economic dynamics. If institutional specificities did have an effect, competition among nations would sooner or later lead to the adoption of international ‘best practices’. This book challenges these views on several counts. There are some elements of truth in the statement that differences in macroeconomic policy mix could explain in part the differences in economic performance. But this does not amount to saying that institutional specificities do not matter in explaining important differences in the basic economic mechanisms of the different countries. There is a considerable amount of theoretical and historical work that insists on the central role of institutions in economic dynamics.Less
Capitalist economies have developed with a fair amount of diversity among themselves, which should have resulted in dramatic differences in levels of development. The fact that these differences are for the most part not noticeable may indicate that capitalism is based on such robust mechanisms that it accommodates varied institutional environments. In other words, institutional differences would be akin to national folklore, with few if any consequences for economic dynamics. If institutional specificities did have an effect, competition among nations would sooner or later lead to the adoption of international ‘best practices’. This book challenges these views on several counts. There are some elements of truth in the statement that differences in macroeconomic policy mix could explain in part the differences in economic performance. But this does not amount to saying that institutional specificities do not matter in explaining important differences in the basic economic mechanisms of the different countries. There is a considerable amount of theoretical and historical work that insists on the central role of institutions in economic dynamics.
Kent Jones
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195378825
- eISBN:
- 9780199852598
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378825.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
The collapse of the Doha Round hangs heavily over an already troubled world economy. Some have concluded that this failure is simply the result of a lack of political will and a pre-occupation with ...
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The collapse of the Doha Round hangs heavily over an already troubled world economy. Some have concluded that this failure is simply the result of a lack of political will and a pre-occupation with issues such as terrorism. But as this book reveals, the World Trade Organization needs serious structural changes, not just political backbone. It shows for instance that the WTO—now with 153 members—has become increasingly unwieldy in terms of concluding trade agreements and he suggests that countries organize around specific platform positions, a strategy that would make the “holy grail” of consensus once again possible. The book also argues for financial support for poorer countries so that they can participate effectively in negotiations and it contends that the principle of the “single undertaking” (that “there is no agreement until everything is agreed”) has become a serious and perhaps crippling constraint, and must be modified.Less
The collapse of the Doha Round hangs heavily over an already troubled world economy. Some have concluded that this failure is simply the result of a lack of political will and a pre-occupation with issues such as terrorism. But as this book reveals, the World Trade Organization needs serious structural changes, not just political backbone. It shows for instance that the WTO—now with 153 members—has become increasingly unwieldy in terms of concluding trade agreements and he suggests that countries organize around specific platform positions, a strategy that would make the “holy grail” of consensus once again possible. The book also argues for financial support for poorer countries so that they can participate effectively in negotiations and it contends that the principle of the “single undertaking” (that “there is no agreement until everything is agreed”) has become a serious and perhaps crippling constraint, and must be modified.
Frédérique Apffel Marglin and Stephen A. Marglin (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198286943
- eISBN:
- 9780191684531
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198286943.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, Economic Systems
This book addresses the role of knowledge in economic development and in resistance to development. It questions the conventional view that development is the application of superior knowledge to the ...
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This book addresses the role of knowledge in economic development and in resistance to development. It questions the conventional view that development is the application of superior knowledge to the problems of poor countries, and that resistance to development comes out of ignorance and superstition. It argues instead that the basis of resistance is the fear that the material benefits of Western technologies can be enjoyed only at the price of giving up indigenous ways of knowing and valuing the world, an idea fostered as much by present-day elites, who have internalized the colonial elites who ruled before them. A prerequisite to decoupling Western technologies from these political entailments is to understand the conflict between different ways of knowing and valuing the world. This book addresses neither the strategy nor the tactics of development, but the conception itself. Its focus is on knowledge and power in the development process. The book argues that “modern” knowledge wins out in the conflict with “traditional” knowledge not because of its superior cognitive power, but because of its prestige, associated both with the economic and political ascendancy of the West over the past 500 years and with the cultural history of the West itself.Less
This book addresses the role of knowledge in economic development and in resistance to development. It questions the conventional view that development is the application of superior knowledge to the problems of poor countries, and that resistance to development comes out of ignorance and superstition. It argues instead that the basis of resistance is the fear that the material benefits of Western technologies can be enjoyed only at the price of giving up indigenous ways of knowing and valuing the world, an idea fostered as much by present-day elites, who have internalized the colonial elites who ruled before them. A prerequisite to decoupling Western technologies from these political entailments is to understand the conflict between different ways of knowing and valuing the world. This book addresses neither the strategy nor the tactics of development, but the conception itself. Its focus is on knowledge and power in the development process. The book argues that “modern” knowledge wins out in the conflict with “traditional” knowledge not because of its superior cognitive power, but because of its prestige, associated both with the economic and political ascendancy of the West over the past 500 years and with the cultural history of the West itself.
János Kornai
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199334766
- eISBN:
- 9780199369416
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199334766.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
This book examines capitalism as an economic system and in comparison to socialism. The book explains a view of capitalism as an economy of surplus—a chronic excess of supply of goods and labor. This ...
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This book examines capitalism as an economic system and in comparison to socialism. The book explains a view of capitalism as an economy of surplus—a chronic excess of supply of goods and labor. This environment breeds rivalry among producers, which in turn encourages innovation. Socialism, on the other hand, is defined by a shortage of goods and labor and excess of demand. Whereas socialism is slothful and imitative, capitalism is dynamic and progressive. The two chapters of this book explore these differing ideologies on macro and micro levels, ending with definitive explanations of how the systems work and how they develop.Less
This book examines capitalism as an economic system and in comparison to socialism. The book explains a view of capitalism as an economy of surplus—a chronic excess of supply of goods and labor. This environment breeds rivalry among producers, which in turn encourages innovation. Socialism, on the other hand, is defined by a shortage of goods and labor and excess of demand. Whereas socialism is slothful and imitative, capitalism is dynamic and progressive. The two chapters of this book explore these differing ideologies on macro and micro levels, ending with definitive explanations of how the systems work and how they develop.
Johan F.M. Swinnen (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693801
- eISBN:
- 9780191731884
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693801.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
Beer was the drink of choice in many ancient societies and throughout the past centuries in large parts of the world. Right now, it is globally by far the most important alcoholic drink, in volume ...
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Beer was the drink of choice in many ancient societies and throughout the past centuries in large parts of the world. Right now, it is globally by far the most important alcoholic drink, in volume and value terms. The largest brewing companies have developed into global multinationals. The beer market is characterized by strong growth in emerging economies, by a substantial decline of (per capita) beer consumption in traditional markets, and a shift to new products. There has been a strong interaction between governments (politics) and markets (economics) in the beer industry. For centuries, taxes on beer or its raw materials were a major source of tax revenue for governments. Governments have also regulated the beer industry for reasons related to quality, health, and competition. The beer market is not only an interesting sector to study in itself but also yields important general economic insights. This book is the first economic analysis of the beer market and brewing industry. It comprises a comprehensive and unique set of economic research and analysis on the economics of beer and brewing. The various chapters cover economic history and development, demand and supply, trade and investment, geography and scale economies, technology and innovation, health and nutrition, quantity and quality, industrial organization and competition, taxation and regulation, and regional beer market developments.Less
Beer was the drink of choice in many ancient societies and throughout the past centuries in large parts of the world. Right now, it is globally by far the most important alcoholic drink, in volume and value terms. The largest brewing companies have developed into global multinationals. The beer market is characterized by strong growth in emerging economies, by a substantial decline of (per capita) beer consumption in traditional markets, and a shift to new products. There has been a strong interaction between governments (politics) and markets (economics) in the beer industry. For centuries, taxes on beer or its raw materials were a major source of tax revenue for governments. Governments have also regulated the beer industry for reasons related to quality, health, and competition. The beer market is not only an interesting sector to study in itself but also yields important general economic insights. This book is the first economic analysis of the beer market and brewing industry. It comprises a comprehensive and unique set of economic research and analysis on the economics of beer and brewing. The various chapters cover economic history and development, demand and supply, trade and investment, geography and scale economies, technology and innovation, health and nutrition, quantity and quality, industrial organization and competition, taxation and regulation, and regional beer market developments.
Olivier Blanchard
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198293996
- eISBN:
- 9780191595998
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198293992.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
Transition in Central and Eastern Europe has led to a U‐shaped response of output, that is, a sharp decline in output followed by recovery. Six years after the beginning of transition, most of the ...
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Transition in Central and Eastern Europe has led to a U‐shaped response of output, that is, a sharp decline in output followed by recovery. Six years after the beginning of transition, most of the countries of Central Europe now seem firmly on the upside. Most of the countries of Eastern Europe are still close to the bottom of the U; an optimistic view is that they are now negotiating the turn.This U‐shaped response of output, its causes and its implications, is the subject of this book. That transition came with an often‐large initial decrease in output should be seen as a puzzle. After all, the previous economic system was characterized by myriad distortions. One might have expected that removing most of them would lead to a large increase, not decrease in output. This is not what happened. The purpose of this book is to understand why, and to draw general lessons.Less
Transition in Central and Eastern Europe has led to a U‐shaped response of output, that is, a sharp decline in output followed by recovery. Six years after the beginning of transition, most of the countries of Central Europe now seem firmly on the upside. Most of the countries of Eastern Europe are still close to the bottom of the U; an optimistic view is that they are now negotiating the turn.
This U‐shaped response of output, its causes and its implications, is the subject of this book. That transition came with an often‐large initial decrease in output should be seen as a puzzle. After all, the previous economic system was characterized by myriad distortions. One might have expected that removing most of them would lead to a large increase, not decrease in output. This is not what happened. The purpose of this book is to understand why, and to draw general lessons.
