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The Axon
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The Axon: Structure, Function and Pathophysiology

Stephen G. Waxman, Jeffery D. Kocsis, and Peter K. Stys

Abstract

The axon, which is interposed between the cell body and the synaptic terminals in most neurons, plays a crucial role in connecting neurons and acting as a conduit for the transmission of information between them. Axons have always been a favorite site for investigation in neuroscience. Axonology has moved ahead rapidly more recently. Molecular biology has provided new tools for studying the molecules that make up the axon and their associated glial cells. Increasingly powerful physiological techniques, together with immunocytochemical and immuno-ultrastructural methods, have facilitated a mole ... More

Keywords: cell body, synaptic terminals, neurons, glial cells, calcium, axonal function, diseased axons

Bibliographic Information

Print publication date: 1995 Print ISBN-13: 9780195082937
Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: May 2009 DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195082937.001.0001

Authors

Affiliations are at time of print publication.

Stephen G. Waxman, editor
Yale University

Jeffery D. Kocsis, editor
Yale University

Peter K. Stys, editor
University of Ottawa

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Contents

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Front Matter

Title Pages

Dedication

Preface

Contributors

I Introduction

1 Electrical activity of nerve: The background up to 1952

SIR ANDREW HUXLEY

II The Normal Axon

2 Morphology of normal peripheral axons

CLAES-HENRIC BERTHOLD, and MARTIN RYDMARK

3 Morphology of central nervous system axons

ASAO HIRANO, and JOSEFINA F. LLENA

4 Physiology of axons

J. MURDOCH RITCHIE

5 The Schwann cell: Morphology and development

NAOMI KLEITMAN, and RICHARD P. BUNGE

6 The oligodendrocyte, the perinodal astrocyte, and the central node of Ranvier

JOEL A. BLACK, HARALD SONTHEIMER, YOUNGSUK OH, and STEPHEN G. WAXMAN

7 Molecular biology of myelination

EDWIN S. MONUKI, and GREG LEMKE

8 Mechanisms of adhesion between axons and glial cells

JAMES L. SALZER

9 Axonal transport: Function and mechanisms

BERNICE GRAFSTEIN

10 Development of axons: Calcium, steering, and the growth cone

ROGER W. DAVENPORT, STEPHEN R. BOLSOVER, and S. B. KATER

11 Voltage-gated ion channels in axons: Localization, function, and development

STEPHEN G. WAXMAN

12 Molecular biology of voltage-dependent potassium and sodium channels

ROBERT L. BARCHI

13 Voltage-clamp studies in axons: Macroscopic and single-channel currents

WERNER VOGEL, and JÜRGEN R. SCHWARZ

14 Modulation of axonal excitability by neurotransmitter receptors

JEFFERY D. KOCSIS, and KAORU SAKATANI

15 Ion pumps and exchangers

PETER K. STYS, STEPHEN G. WAXMAN, and BRUCE R. RANSOM

16 Mechanisms of accommodation and adaptation in myelinated axons

HUGH BOSTOCK

17 Electrophysiological approaches to the study of axons

PETER K. STYS, and JEFFERY D. KOCSIS

18 Action potential conduction recorded optically in normal, demyelinated, and remyelinating axons

PETER SHRAGER

III Principles of Axonal Pathophysiology

19 Reaction of the neuronal cell body to axonal damage

GEORG W. KREUTZBERG

20 Axonal degeneration and disorders of the axonal cytoskeleton

JOHN W. GRIFFIN, EDWIN B. GEORGE, SUNG-TSANG HSIEH, and JONATHAN D. GLASS

21 Pathology of demyelinated and dysmyelinated axons

JACK ROSENBLUTH

22 Pathology of the myelin sheath

SAMUEL K. LUDWIN

23 Pathophysiology of demyelinated axons

STEPHEN G. WAXMAN, JEFFERY D. KOCSIS, and JOEL A. BLACK

24 Anoxic/ischemic injury in axons

PETER K. STYS, BRUCE R. RANSOM, JOEL A. BLACK, and STEPHEN G. WAXMAN

25 Traumatic injury of spinal axons

OSAMU HONMOU, and WISE YOUNG

26 Diffuse axonal injury

JOHN T. POVLISHOCK, and CAROLE W. CHRISTMAN

27 Abnormal excitability in injured axons

MARSHALL DEVOR

28 Regeneration of peripheral nervous system axons

MARK A. BISBY

29 Role of cellular interactions in axonal growth and regeneration

LISA McKERRACHER, JEAN-PIERRE JULIEN, and ALBERT J. AGUAYO

30 Clinical electrophysiology of peripheral nervous system axons

JUN KIMURA

31 Clinical assessment of central nervous system axons: Evoked potentials

STEPHEN J. JONES

32 Human peripheral nerve disease (peripheral neuropathies)

ALAN R. BERGER, and HERBERT H. SCHAUMBURG

33 Overview of clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis, including cognitive deficit

W. IAN McDONALD

34 Clinical aspects of traumatic injury to central nervous system axons

MILAN R. DIMITRIJEVIC

End Matter

Index